Maria Bethânia
Vianna Telles Veloso (born 18 June 1946 in Santo Amaro da Purificação, Bahia Brazil), better
known as Maria Bethânia (Portuguese pronunciation: [maˈɾiɐ beˈtɐ̃niɐ]), is a
singer and sister of Caetano Veloso. She started her career in Rio
de Janeiro in 1964 with the show "Opinião"
("Opinion"). Due to its popularity, and the popularity of her 1965
single "Carcará", the singer became a star in Brazil, with
performances all over the country.[1]
The singer has
released 50 studio albums in 47 years of career,[2] and
is among the 10 best-selling
music artists in Brazil, having sold more than 26 million records.[3]
Bethânia was
one of eight children born into the family of José Teles Velloso (Seu Zeca), a
government official, and Claudionor Viana Teles Velloso (Dona Canô), a
housewife.[4] In
her childhood, she had aspirations to become an actress. However,
her mother was a musician, so music was prevalent in the Veloso household.[5] Though
Bethânia was born in Santo Amaro da Purifição, her family moved to Salvador,
Bahia when she was 13 years old. The move allowed her to experience
the bohemian,
intellectual circles of the city as well as to visit theaters. When she was 16,
her brother Caetano Veloso invited her to sing in a film
for which he was producing the soundtrack,
but she refused. However, the film's director, Álvaro Guimarães, liked her
voice and invited the young musician to perform in a 1963 performance of a Nélson Rodrigues musical. She began
performing again with her brother, as well as Gilberto
Gil, Gal
Costa, and Tom Zé, at the opening of the Vila Velha Theater in the next
year.[5] During
one of these performances, the bossa nova musician Nara Leão offered
her an opportunity to take her place in a series of performances titled
"Opinião".[6] She
released her first single, a protest song named "Carcará", in 1965,
the same year as her brother released his first recording.[7]
After
releasing "Carcará" Bethânia returned from Rio
de Janeiro, where she had gone to attend college, to Bahia. This was to
only be a brief visit, as around that time she was performing at nightclubs and
other venues throughout Brazil. This song also got her an offer from an RCA Records representative
to record for the company. However Bethânia continually changed record labels
throughout the 1970s. In 1973 Bethânia released Drama, Luz Da Noite, in
which she performed traditional Brazilian songs, as well as incorporating
literary elements.[8] In
1977 Bethânia went on tour and released a gold-certified album, both with the
name ofPássaro da Manhã. She released Álibi a year later which was
also gold-certified with over a million copies sold.[5] Around
the end of the 1970s, Bethânia became more artistically conservative, moving
away from the Tropicalismo music her frequent collaborators,
including Caetano Veloso and Gilberto
Gil, had been playing.[7]During
the 1980s and '90s Bethânia continued to record and perform, with 1993's As
Canções Que Você Fez Para Mim becoming the year's most successful album in
Brazil.
In 2005, Música Popular Brasileira supergroup of the same name. It was
recorded June 24 of that year at Anhembi Stadium in São Paulo.[9] Its members wereGilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso, Maria Bethânia and Gal Costa, four
of the biggest names in the history of the Music of Brazil. The band was the subject of a 1977
documentary directed by Jom Tob Azulay. In 1994, they performed a tribute
concert to Mangueira school of samba.[10]
French
filmmaker Georges Gachot completed a documentary film "Musica é perfume" about her
which was worldwide distributed. In 2008 she recorded an album with the Cuban
singer Omara Portuondo which was followed by a Live DVD[5]
In March 2011,
Bethânia found herself in the midst of a controversy after receiving permission
from the Ministry of Culture of Brazil to
make a poetry blog budgeted for $ 1.3 million tax free Reais ($783,000
USD).[11]
The singer,
considered one of the greats in Brazilian music and who has a track record of
working with poets and reading bits of her favorite poetry, would use the
platform to interpret poetry,both of her own and from other authors, in song through
a daily series of videos, 365 in total, for the blog O Mundo Precisa de
Poesia (English: The World Needs Poetry).[12]
Much of the criticisms surrounds on
the project's cost and the fact that a rich and well-known artist like Bethânia
can rely on such a process to get sponsored, while hundreds of other minor
artists cannot find ways to survive. Pablo Villaça, from the blog Cinema
em Cena (Movie Theater at Home) estimated that, taking out the amount that
would go to the collectors, around R$ 1.17 million would go toward the blog's
production. Each video, then, would cost about R$ 3,200. He stated that
this cost would not be compatible with videos of 3–5 minutes length consisting
of just one person reciting poetry.[13]
Blogger,
journalist and filmmaker Mauricio Caleiro explained that this process,
appropriated by the interests of big names and governed by the market, has
suffered from great distortions over the years, favoring respected names over
beginners, according to him:
"(…) the
imbroglio involving the baiana singer revealed the problems of the “Rouanet
Law”, a tool that, shortly after being created, played a key role in the
survival of certain artistic areas during the neoliberal autumn, but as the
episode in question shows, it eventually lead to serious distortions in
relations between economy, ideology and cultural production."[14]
To mock the
whole situation, a satirical blog entitled Bethania: 1 million reasons for
you to access was created by blogger Raphael Quatroci.[14]
On March 16,
the Ministry of Culture released a statement affirming the legality of the
process and reiterating that the approval had strictly followed the rules. It
said that "the criteria in the CNIC (National Commission on Cultural
Incentives) are technical and legal, so to reject an applicant because she/he
is famous, or not, would set up obvious and untenable discrimination."[15]
Then, on March
27, Caetano Veloso, Bethânia's brother, came out to
defend his sister, noting that other projects by many other artists, both known
and unknown, were authorized to raise larger amounts.[15]
Eventually, on
September 20, 2011, the singer made a public annoucement stating that she had
quit developing her poetry blog, due to her project of lauching a new CD with
unreleased songs.[15]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Beth%C3%A2nia
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